What are parallels lines of?

Parallels are lines of latitude, which are the horizontal lines that run around the Earth from east to west. They are used in geographical coordinate systems to define locations on the Earth’s surface in relation to the equator, which is at 0 degrees latitude. Each parallel is measured in degrees north or south from the equator, ranging from 0 degrees at the equator to 90 degrees at the poles.

The concept of parallels is crucial in GIS as it helps in ensuring accurate mapping and navigation. These lines remain equidistant from each other and do not converge, unlike lines of longitude, which are vertical lines that converge at the poles. By understanding lines of latitude (parallels), you can determine the north-south position of a point on the Earth, which is essential for many applications in GIS and mapping.