What is required for "are crossed by the outline of" to be valid?

The requirement for "are crossed by the outline of" to be valid means that at least some part of one feature must interact with another feature in space. In this context, having at least one edge, vertex, or endpoint in common ensures that there is a physical intersection or overlap between the outline of the two features. This intersection could represent a situation where one feature crosses a line or boundary created by another feature.

The concept here relies on geometrical relationships in GIS, where spatial features can interact in various ways. Having at least one point or edge in common establishes that there is a crossing or intersection occurring. It signifies that the boundaries or outlines of the features touch or cross each other, which is essential in spatial analysis and data interpretation.

For instance, if we consider two geographic entities, the statement would imply that at least part of the outline of one entity extends to the other entity, thus creating a spatial relation termed as "crossed by the outline of."

The other options do not accurately capture the essence of the term "crossed by" in GIS terms. Complete overlap, complete border sharing, or non-intersecting features are not necessary conditions for the concept being discussed. Thus, the correct condition reflects the minimal requirement to establish