What is the correct order of operations in GIS calculations?

The correct order of operations in GIS calculations, as reflected in the answer provided, follows the standard mathematical hierarchy commonly known as PEMDAS (Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication and Division (from left to right), Addition and Subtraction (from left to right)). This order dictates that calculations should be performed in a sequence where operations in parentheses are resolved first, followed by any exponents, then multiplication and division, and finally, addition and subtraction.

In GIS, where complex spatial analyses and data manipulations often require multiple calculations, adhering to this order ensures accurate results. For instance, when manipulating raster data or executing algebraic expressions within a GIS software, correctly applying this order avoids misinterpretation of the results that could lead to erroneous conclusions or analyses.

Conversely, the other options present variations that do not align with this established order. For instance, one option incorrectly prioritizes subtraction before addition, while another mixes operations without following the correct sequence defined by the mathematical rules. Understanding and applying the proper order of operations is crucial for anyone working with GIS to ensure the precision and reliability of their spatial data analyses.