What is the expected residual error for georeferenced data?

The expected residual error for georeferenced data is often described in terms of its relationship to the accuracy of the mapped features. The correct interpretation is that the residual error should ideally be ten times less than the mapped feature's accuracy. This guideline is based on the principle that to ensure the reliability and precision of spatial data, the allowable error margin (or residual error) must be significantly smaller than the scale of the features being represented.

For instance, if a feature is mapped with a certain level of accuracy, maintaining a residual error that is ten times less ensures that the spatial data retains its integrity and utility within a geographic context. This concept is rooted in the objectives of effective mapping for analysis, decision-making, and planning processes in GIS applications. Consequently, keeping the residual error to a maximum of one-tenth of the mapped feature's accuracy helps to enhance the overall quality and usability of the georeferenced data.

The other options do not adequately reflect the standards for residual error in georeferencing: stating that the residual is exactly equal to the mapped feature fails to acknowledge the necessity for precision, while the requirement of less than 5% may not be stringent enough for many applications. Indicating no specific requirement disregards established standards in GIS that guide