Which three elements are required on a map?

A map is a visual representation that conveys geographic information effectively. The three essential elements that must be included on a map to ensure it serves its purpose are the title, legend, and scale.

The title provides context about what the map represents, indicating the subject matter clearly to the map reader. Without a descriptive title, it can be challenging for viewers to understand the map's intent or focus.

The legend is crucial as it explains the symbols, colors, and patterns used on the map. It acts as a guide, helping users interpret the different features and data represented. A map without a legend may confuse readers, as they won’t know what the symbols signify.

The scale indicates the relationship between distances on the map and the actual distances on the ground. It allows users to measure real-world distances accurately, making it essential for navigation and analysis.

While the other options include useful elements on a map, they do not encompass all three critical components necessary for effective communication of geographic information. For instance, while a north arrow indicates direction, it is not as vital as the three core elements mentioned. Thus, the inclusion of the title, legend, and scale is fundamental to ensuring that a map is functional and informative.